Amazon Affiliate Store ️ . This is how the first interface of the solution works. Introduction. Finally, iptables -L revealed the culprit: udp2raw redirected TCP packets sent to 0.0.0.0/0:443, the whole listening address range, to its own chain. ¶ PrivateKey = localPrivateKeyAbcAbcAbc= Its aims to be a better choice than IPSEC or OpenVPN. Wherever you see these strings below, they're just being used as placeholder values to illustrate an example and have no special meaning. However, if you have a dynamic external IP address, you will need to set up DDNS. It even works across full IP address changes such as when I change hotspots from AT&T to T-Mobile. Each network interface has a private key and a list of peers. WireGuard uses the following protocols and primitives to secure traffic: WireGuard's cryptography is essentially an instantiation of Trevor Perrin's Noise framework. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. For this reason, you generally cannot do phone-to-phone connections on LTE/3g networks, but you might be able to do phone-to-office or phone-to-home where the office or home has a stable public IP and doesn't do source port randomization. ¶ PostDown = /bin/example arg1 arg2 %i, ¶ [Peer] And it's ~4000 lines of code. PostDown = echo "$(date +%s) WireGuard Going Down" >> /var/log/wireguard.log, Hit a webhook on another server Defines what address range the local node should route traffic for. In summary, all nodes must be defined on the main bounce server. This allows us to track our homelab's public IP address with a URL. 15. Issue 2: WireGuard does not assign dynamic IP addresses. This makes the out-of-the-box version of WireGuard incompatible with no-logs VPN services. Only the firewall on the home server should be configured to allow traffic to the VPN interface address where the services should listen on. These are some GUI and CLI tools that wrap WireGuard to assist with config, deployment, key management, and connection. It's modern and, again, simple. A compliant userland WireGuard implementation written in Go. To force WireGuard to re-resolve dynamic DNS Endpoint hostnames more often, you may want to use a PostUp hook to restart WireGuard every few minutes or hours. Make sure to also specify an IPv6 catchall even when only forwarding IPv4 traffic in order to avoid leaking IPv6 packets outside the VPN, see: Node is a client that only routes traffic for itself and only exposes one IP, Node is a public bounce server that can relay traffic to other peers and exposes route for entire VPN subnet. Hardcoding UDP ports and public IPs for both sides of a NAT-to-NAT connection (as described above) still works on a small percentage of networks. First, let's assign IP addresses from a private subnet: [Interface] Address = 10.66.66.1/24,fd42:42:42::1/64. You can configure a WireGuard client to point at a server’s DNS name, and that DNS name can be updated periodically using dynamic DNS. PostDown = curl https://events.example.dev/wireguard/stopped/?key=abcdefg, Remove the iptables rule that forwards packets on the WireGuard interface When choosing a server provider for your Internet-facing server, make sure to choose one with low latency to your home network, since that latency will be added to every request you make. In fact, the only true comparisons between WireGuard and any other tunnel are purely conceptual. For the “Tunnel Address”, enter a network address such as 10.0.0.1/24. A closer look revealed that the source IP in our SYN-ACK-ACK packet is the client IP in the wg0 address range, instead of the wireguard server IP. In summary: only direct connections between clients should be configured, any connections that need to be bounced should not be defined as peers, as they should head to the bounce server first and be routed from there back down the vpn to the correct client. WireGuard is a relatively new VPN implementation that was added to the Linux 5.6 kernel in 2020 and is faster and simpler than other popular VPN options like IPsec and OpenVPN. Optionally run a command before the interface is brought up. This is not true out of the box. Many users report having to restart WireGuard whenever a dynamic IP changes, as it only resolves hostnames on startup. dynamic: dynamic: 10.0.0.3/24 fdc9:281f:04d7:9ee9::3/64 UDP/51993 Tip: The same UDP port can be used for all peers. [peer] list: public-server1, public-server2, in phone wg0.conf (simple client behind NAT) These are demo hostnames, domain names, IP addresses, and ranges used in the documentation and example configs. Simple clients that only route traffic for themselves, only need to define peers for the public relay, and any other nodes directly accessible. The configuration of WireGuard lives in /etc/wireguard. NAT-to-NAT connections are only possible if at least one host has a stable, publicly-accessible IP address:port pair that can be hardcoded ahead of time, whether that's using a FQDN updated with Dynamic DNS, or a static public IP with a non-randomized NAT port opened by outgoing packets, anything works as long as all peers can communicate it beforehand and it doesn't change once the connection is initiated. No. Abuda Send an email 17 seconds ago. ¶ PreDown = /bin/example arg1 arg2 %i Just know that anywhere you see something like 192.0.2.3/32, it really just means 192.0.2.3. WireGuard will ignore a peer whose public key matches the interface's private key. The cryptographic primitives used, the fact that it can be implemented without dynamic memory allocation, and the protocol state machine’s simplicity are all arguably equally or even more useful. On client servers, only peers that are directly accessible from a node should be defined as peers of that node, any peers that must be relayed by a bounce server should be left out and will be handled by the relay server's catchall route. 2- WireGuard does not assign dynamic IP addresses. Most of the time however, every peer should have its own pubic/private keypair so that peers can't read eachothers traffic and can be individually revoked. This is known as the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) which assigns a dynamic IP address to your device. This key can be generated with wg pubkey < example.key > example.key.pub. Networks should be entered on per line in CIDR (192.168.123.0/24) format. It is plural orders of magnitude smaller than its competitors. WireGuard claims faster performance than most other competing VPN solutions, though the exact numbers are sometimes debated and may depend on whether hardware-level acceleration is available for certain cryptographic ciphers. https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-hs/about/ A WireGuard private key for a single node, generated with: You will now be prompted that the server keys will be generated. WireGuard interface names are typically prefixed with wg and numbered starting at 0, but you can use any name that matches the regex ^[a-zA-Z0-9_=+.-]{1,15}$. That being said, the “buttonology” of WireGuard is unlike any other tunnel. Every other VPN option is a mess of negotiation and handshaking and complicated state machines. The publicly accessible address:port for a node, e.g. For example, the first peer will be 10.6.210.2/32, the second will be 10.6.210.3/32, and so on. Wireguard is incredibly secure and offers a lot of privacy, but it still leaves a trail behind. OVPN has solved this through our WireGuard configuration generator. Set Up Port Forwarding On The Router If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. When you send a UDP packet out, the router (usually) creates a temporary rule mapping your source address and port to the destination address and port, and vice versa. It does not, for example, allow using a dynamic IP address on the server side of the tunnel which breaks a whole use-case. 2- WireGuard does not assign dynamic IP addresses. A closer look revealed that the source IP in our SYN-ACK-ACK packet is the client IP in the wg0 address range, instead of the wireguard server IP. 3- Cannot use without logging. Getting this to work when both end-points are behind NATs or firewalls requires that both end-points send packets to each-other at about the same time. This is a separate IP network from my home LAN, and should not overlap with it. You can use any private range you want for your own setups, e.g. https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/best-vpn-wireguard ¶ PublicKey = remotePublicKeyAbcAbcAbc= PostDown = echo "$(date +%s) WireGuard Stopped" >> /var/log/wireguard.log, Hit a webhook on another server If nothing happens, download the GitHub extension for Visual Studio and try again. In this example all the traffic from inside the speedtest container will go through the wireguard VPN. At the next screen, select Yes to confirm that it is correct. Here are a few implementations that achieve this with WireGuard: Many users report having to restart WireGuard whenever a dynamic IP changes, as it only resolves hostnames on startup. IPv6 CIDR notation is also supported e.g. PostUp = echo "$(date +%s) WireGuard Started" >> /var/log/wireguard.log, Hit a webhook on another server The blocks used in these docs We give a dynamic IP to all WireGuard users, rather than a static one, so that every time you connect to a VPN server using WireGuard, your IP address is different. Generally behind a NAT provided by a router, e.g. As mentioned before, static IP addresses can, in some circumstances, cause users to be traced. This design is nice though because it allows peers to expose multiple IPs if needed without needing multiple notations. they don't conflict with any of the LAN subnet ranges your peers are on. It's up to you to decide how you want to share the peers.conf, be it via a proper orchestration platform, something much more pedestrian like Dropbox, or something kinda wild like Ceph. I chose WireGuard over other VPN candidates because of the simplicity of configuration and low server overhead. StrongVPN - Config generator WireGuard; IVPN - Dynamic IP assignment; Mullvad - Quick WireGuard setup; VyprVPN - Extra Chameleon protocol; OVPN - Unlimited speed; AzireVPN - Unlimited bandwidth; VPN.ac - Better routing; TorGuard - Full WireGuard support; Private Internet Access - Fast connection speed; CyberGhost - WireGuard for Linux and iOS; WireGuard is a new open-source VPN protocol. wg pubkey < example.key > example.key.pub Config files can opt to use the limited set of wg config options, or the more extended wg-quick options, depending on what command is preferred to start WireGuard. Address = 192.0.2.3/32. Finally, iptables -L revealed the culprit: udp2raw redirected TCP packets sent to 0.0.0.0/0:443, the whole listening address range, to its own chain. We'll call our interface wg0, so the config file will be /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf. Source for these docs, example code, and issue tracker: https://github.com/pirate/wireguard-docs     Compared to a lot of VPN providers PIA have been pretty slow off the mark in supporting DIY Wireguard connections; they've had Wireguard support in their client for a while but that doesn't help if you want to use something like the linuxserver/wireguard container as your client. 123.124.125.126:1234 or some.domain.tld:1234 (must be accessible via the public internet, generally can't be a private IP like 192.0.2.1 or 192.168.1.1 unless it's directly accessible using that address by other peers on the same subnet). This is how the first interface of the solution works. Whereas OpenVPN or IKEv2 used to assign a dynamic IP address, WireGuard provides the same static IP address every time you go online and switch it on. The tunnel IP address for this peer, from the list determined above, with a /32 CIDR mask. Surfshark’s solution was about implement a double network address translation (NAT) to protect vulnerable information. You signed in with another tab or window. Credit for these shortcuts goes to: Since neither side is able to hardcode a ListenPort and guarantee that their NAT will accept traffic on that port after the outgoing ping, you cannot coordinate a port for the initial hole-punch between peers and connections will fail. [peer] list: public-server1, in home-server wg0.conf (simple client behind NAT) Then, let's define the port WireGuard will be listening on: ListenPort = 1194 Example of a WireGuard network with four peers … ¶ Endpoint = node1.example.tld:51820 No Dynamic IP assignment: If you were hoping for dynamic IP assignments that will provide a small bit more privacy, you won’t be able to get it with Wireguard. It's also not necessary to configure any settings in the router. WireGuard doesn't have this, so it only works with a hardcoded Endpoint + ListenPort (and PersistentKeepalive so it doesn't drop after inactivity). Connecting VPN clients will then use an IP inside this network, and be able to access my LAN via routing, which we’ll set up later. This process of sending an initial packet that gets rejected, then using the fact that the router has now created a forwarding rule to accept responses is called "UDP hole-punching". ¶ ListenPort = 51820 This is an implementation of the wg-dynamic description. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14599834. Update 2020-04-28: A few people responded that WireGuard does work fine even if both ends are on dynamic IP addresses. I don’t want to use dynamic DNS, since I think it provides a poor user experience due to DNS caching. Debugging capabilities Enable WireGuard kernel debug logging: Disable WireGuard kernel debug logging: Common Logs WireGuard loaded in kernel: Handshake (sender): Handshake (receiver): Keep-Alive packet: Common errors: Allowed Client-IP mismatch: Key mismatch errors: Client has wrong server public key: Server has wrong client public key: Client private key mismatch: I have a Ubuntu 16.04 server with a public IP address and a laptop running Ubuntu which is behind router with a dynamic public IP Address and the laptop has been given a internal IP … WebRTC is an example of a protocol that can dynamically configure a connection between two NATs, but it does this by using an out-of-band signaling server to detect the IP:port combo of each host. More complex topologies are definitely achievable, but these are the basic routing methods used in typical WireGuard setups: More specific (also usually more direct) routes provided by other peers will take precedence when available, otherwise traffic will fall back to the least specific route and use the 192.0.2.1/24 catchall to forward traffic to the bounce server, where it will in turn be routed by the relay server's system routing table (net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1) back down the VPN to the specific peer that's accepting routes for that traffic. No. https://github.com/WireGuard/wg-dynamic. PostUp = wg set %i private-key /etc/wireguard/wg0.key <(some command here), Log a line to a file Key generation, distribution, and revocation can be handled in larger deployments using a separate service like Ansible or Kubernetes Secrets. There’s a glaring issue with WireGuard: it doesn’t support dynamic IP management. Wireguard lacks dynamic IP address management. WireGuard currently uses static addresses everywhere. Debugging capabilities Enable WireGuard kernel debug logging: Disable WireGuard kernel debug logging: Common Logs WireGuard loaded in kernel: Handshake (sender): Handshake (receiver): Keep-Alive packet: Common errors: Allowed Client-IP mismatch: Key mismatch errors: Client has wrong server public key: Server has wrong client public key: Client private key mismatch: ¶ # Name = node1.example.tld As of 2019, many of the old hole-punching methods used that used to work are no longer effective. This can just be an IP address but as you most likely have a dynamic IP address on your home network your best option is to set up dynamic DNS and use the hostname as your endpoint. This paper explores a couple approaches to WireGuard in-band configuration. While WireGuard is highly secure, it’s not designing with privacy in mind. Some services that help with key distribution and deployment: You can also read in keys from a file or via command if you don't want to hardcode them in wg0.conf, this makes managing keys via 3rd party service much easier: Technically, multiple servers can share the same private key as long as clients arent connected to two servers with the same key simulatenously. Nodes that are behind separate NATs should not be defined as peers outside of the public server config, as no direct route is available between separate NATs. We’ll walk through… Select OK. In this case, some of users’ data is stored on the Wideguard’s servers jeopardizing their privacy. The article claims WireGuard is missing a “huge backlog of features,” but only lists dynamic IP addresses as a missing feature. The purpose of this local endpoint information is to tell your client how to find your WireGuard VPN server in the vast world of the internet. This is the public key for the remote node, shareable with all peers. It can also optionally route traffic for more than its own address(es) by specifying subnet ranges in comma-separated CIDR notation. You have to manually add that IP to the WireGuard Interface. As you’re given a different IP address each time, there’s no incentive to save any identifiable data on a server. Learn more. Peers can be either a public bounce server that relays traffic to other peers, or a directly accessible client via LAN/internet that is not behind a NAT and only routes traffic for itself. Leaks are testable with http://dnsleak.com. That's why a dynamic DNS is used- it translates your home network's public IP address into a URL and keeps it … 1- Stores user IP addresses on the VPN server indefinitely. Unlike in the original WireGuard protocol, each user gets the same IP address. It was designed to be as “stealth” as possible. But in some cases, insane people want dynamic IP addresses or other dynamic configuration. easier containerization, compatibility, etc.). But, NordVPN implemented a second interface with this dynamic NAT system that kicks in once the VPN connection is established. No other certificates or pre-shared keys are needed beyond the public/private keys for each node. 192.0.2.1/24) in the public relays AllowedIPs route and will be forwarded accordingly once it hits the relay server. Ultimately, however, custom in-band communication brings with it many difficulties, such as introducing new non-standard APIs and having to reinvent the wheel with reliable transport protocols. The config file name must be in the format ${name of the new WireGuard interface}.conf. An incomplete, insecure userspace implementation of WireGuard written in Haskell (not ready for the public). At present, WireGuard requires that each key pair (which can be viewed as a … Part 4: Set up a WireGuard Account How to create and connect to your new WireGuard … Remote Networks: This field is used to configure the list of remote networks that should be routed across this WireGuard tunnel. Defines the VPN settings for the local node. Protocols like OpenVPN and IPSec rely on DHCP to assign a dynamic tunnel IP address during connection to the peer. AllowedIPs = 192.0.2.3/32,192.0.2.4/32, peer is a relay server that routes to itself and all nodes on its local LAN This is the private key for the local node, never shared with other servers. Keepalive (empty) optional - sets persistent keepalive interval . Typically, this only needs to be defined on the main bounce server, but it can also be defined on other public nodes with stable IPs like public-server2 in the example config below. I heard of Wireguard at Oggcamp and thought I’d give it a go. The “huge backlog” may be out-of-date information from earlier WireGuard versions. Dynamic local IP addresses remain assigned only while the session is active. By default, WireGuard saves connected IP addresses on the server. NAT-to-NAT connections are not possible if all endpoints are behind NAT's with strict UDP source port randomization (e.g. This option can be specified multiple times, with commands executed in the order they appear in the file. NAT-to-NAT connections from behind NATs with strict source-port randomization is possible, you just need a signaling server to tell each side the other's IP:port tuple. WireGuard's performance gains are achieved by handling routing at the kernel level, and by using modern cipher suites running on all cores to encrypt traffic. Whereas OpenVPN or IKEv2 used to assign a dynamic IP address, WireGuard provides the same static IP address every time you go online and switch it on. download the GitHub extension for Visual Studio, Move the google doc into the git repository, server: restore leases from allowedips at startup, Initialize project with scafolding and embeddable-wg-library, Allow /32 and /128 to be omitted in ip= keys, Properly send and display wg_errno and errmsg, Extract all RTNETLINK code into ipm. (shared with other peers). Right now, WireGuard has a huge backlog of features that it needs to implement to be suitable for this use-case. This option can appear multiple times, as with PreUp, Log a line to a file You can learn how to do that here. In order to operate, each tunnel requires an internal tunnel IP address to be assigned on both ends, regardless of which protocol is used. 31 0 1 minute read. See: https://lists.zx2c4.com/pipermail/wireguard/2018-December/003702.html. The wg0.conf file also has a PostUp hook: PostUp = wg addconf /etc/wireguard/peers.conf. Will WireGuard replace my roadwarrior from my laptop to the data centre? WireGuard is an awesome tool for securely accessing your Raspberry Pi computers even behind mobile networks that don’t provide a public IP address. WireGuard can be run in Docker with varying degrees of ease. ¶ [Interface] You can figure out which routing method WireGuard is using for a given address by measuring the ping times to figure out the unique length of each hop, and by inspecting the output of: WireGuard uses encrypted UDP packets for all traffic, it does not provide guarantees around packet delivery or ordering, as that is handled by TCP connections within the encrypted tunnel. Wireguard is incredibly secure and offers a lot of privacy, but it still leaves a trail behind. You can have WireGuard itself run in a container and expose a network interface to the host, or you can have WireGuard running on the host exposing an interface to specific containers. If the connection is going from a NAT-ed peer to a public peer, the node behind the NAT must regularly send an outgoing ping in order to keep the bidirectional connection alive in the NAT router's connection table. PostUp = iptables -A FORWARD -i %i -j ACCEPT; iptables -A FORWARD -o %i -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE, Force WireGuard to re-resolve IP address for peer domain They have Internet through Fiber, Wireless and sometimes DSL and all with dynamic IP (ISP DHCP), so even I hosted a WireGuard bounce server – whatever this means :D – it will still don’t have a Static/Public IP. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. This is an implementation of the wg-dynamic description.. Work-in-progress; nothing to see here yet. ¶ # Name = node2-node.example.tld Introduction. Node is a client that only routes traffic for itself Multiple IPs and subnets may be specified using comma-separated IPv4 or IPv6 CIDR notation (from a single /32 or /128 address, all the way up to 0.0.0.0/0 and ::/0 to indicate a default route to send all internet and VPN traffic through that peer). are reserved for example purposes by the IETF and should never be used in real network setups. This rule will timeout after some minutes of inactivity, so the client behind the NAT must send regular outgoing packets to keep it open (see PersistentKeepalive). most cellular data networks). local public node to remote NAT-ed node peer is a simple client that only accepts traffic to/from itself An example of a scenario where this is a reasonable setup is if you're using round-robin DNS to load-balance connections between two servers that are pretending to be a single server. PostDown = iptables -D FORWARD -i %i -j ACCEPT; iptables -D FORWARD -o %i -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE. If it doesn't work regardless of which peer sends the initial packet, then WireGuard won't be unable to work between the peers without a public relay server. ¶ DNS = 1.1.1.1,8.8.8.8 The MTU is automatically determined from the endpoint addresses or the system default route, which is usually a sane choice. Each peer has a public key. A subnet with private IPs provided by a router standing in front of them doing Network Address Translation, individual nodes are not publicly accessible from the internet, instead the router keeps track of outgoing connections and forwards responses to the correct internal IP (e.g. To make all that possible, I’d need a way for Internet traffic to reach my home LAN, behind a router with a dynamic IP. WireGuard can sometimes natively make connections between two clients behind NATs without the need for a public relay server, but in most cases this is not possible. pfsense Wireguard Dynamic Peers, Split or Full Tunnel: Windows, Ubuntu/PopOS, Android. Optionally run a command after the interface is brought up. See below for an example of a Docker container vpn_test routing all its traffic through a WireGuard relay server. This option can appear multiple times, as with PreUp, Log a line to a file 192.0.2.1-255 or 192.168.1.1/24. Gear we used on Kit (affiliate Links) ️ . All of the userspace implementations are slower than the native C version that runs in kernel-land, but provide other benefits by running in userland (e.g. WireGuard does not automatically find the fastest route or attempt to form direct connections between peers if not already defined, it just goes from the most specific route in [Peers] to least specific. If your endpoint is behind a NAT (it probably is), make sure to set up port forwarding on your gateway to send connections on port 51845 to your WireGuard server. Depending on whether the node is a simple client joining the VPN subnet, or a bounce server that's relaying traffic between multiple clients, this can be set to a single IP of the node itself (specified with CIDR notation), e.g. https://git.zx2c4.com/WireGuard/about/src/tools/man/wg-quick.8. Let's begin! WireGuard is a simple, ... IP address of client (peer) - ensure to use /32 with multiple clients. PersistentKeepalive = 25 this will send a ping to every 25 seconds keeping the connection open in the local NAT router's connection table. 14. In the configuration outlined in the docs below, a single server public-server1 acts as the relay bounce server for a mix of publicly accessible and NAT-ed clients, and peers are configured on each node accordingly: in public-server1 wg0.conf (bounce server) ️ . The /24 at the end means we will be using a subnet of all IP addresses from 10.14.0.1 to 10.14.0.254. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. API reference guide for WireGuard including Setup, Configuration, and Usage, with examples. If your endpoint is behind a NAT (it probably is), make sure to set up port forwarding on your gateway to send connections on port 51845 to your WireGuard server. It causes the client to send a ‘keep alive’ packet every 25 seconds which ensures that the tunnel remains active. ChaCha20 for symmetric encryption, authenticated with Poly1305, using RFC7539’s AEAD construction, BLAKE2s for hashing and keyed hashing, described in RFC7693, HKDF for key derivation, as described in RFC5869, Generate public and private keys locally on each node, Start WireGuard on the main relay server with, Start WireGuard on all the client peers with. Endpoint Port (empty) Not required for inbound connections - dynamic. {c,h}, radix-trie: fix add() when no poolnodes exist, radix-trie: implement ipp_removepool_v{4,6}. To people just getting started 192.0.2.1/32 may seem like a weird and confusing way to refer to a single IP. Problem 2: WireGuard doesn’t provide a mechanism for tunnel IP address allocation. Original WireGuard solution gives the same IP to all of the users, for comparison. So, let’s see some of its problems. The dynamic IP problem can be solved by configuring Wireguard to send a keep alive packet every few seconds which will cause a maximum outage of a few seconds. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Tumblr Pinterest Reddit VKontakte Odnoklassniki Pocket. The first step in establishing a WireGuard connection is to get access to a VPN server that runs WireGuard. Initially released for the Linux kernel, it is now cross-platform and widely deployable. I say ‘mostly’ because I found setting up WireGuard in OPNsense to be more difficult than I anticipated. https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-go/about/ You can also specify multiple subnets or IPv6 subnets like so: The value can be left unconfigured to use system default DNS servers, Peer is a simple public client that only routes traffic for itself, Peer is a simple client behind a NAT that only routes traffic for itself, Peer is a public bounce server that can relay traffic to other peers, At least one peer has to have to have a hardcoded, directly-accessible, At least one peer has to have a hardcoded UDP, Peer1 sends a UDP packet to Peer2, it's rejected Peer2's NAT router immediately, but that's ok, the only purpose was to get Peer1's NAT to start forwarding any expected UDP responses back to Peer1 behind its NAT, Peer2 sends a UDP packet to Peer1, it's accepted and forwarded to Peer1 as Peer1's NAT server is already expecting responses from Peer2 because of the initial outgoing packet, Peer1 sends a UDP response to Peer2's packet, it's accepted and forwarded by Peer2's NAT server as it's also expecting responses because of the initial outgoing packet.
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